Endophytes are one of the most important factors in pasture performance, but they can be confusing. Here’s a farmer-friendly guide to what they are, why they matter, and which types are right for your farm.
What is an Endophyte?
An endophyte is a natural fungus that lives between the cells of ryegrass and tall fescue. Passed from plant to seed, it provides insect protection and improves persistence.
Why They Matter
Endophytes produce compounds like peramine and ergovaline that:
- Defend against pests such as Argentine Stem Weevil, Black Beetle, Mealy Bug, and Root Aphid.
- However, some compounds can cause animal health issues like ryegrass staggers, so choosing the right type is crucial.
Common Endophyte Types in NZ Pastures
- AR37 – Strong insect resistance (Weevil, Black Beetle, Mealy Bug, Root Aphid, Porina). Can cause staggers.
- AR1 – Safer for stock, good insect control (except on Black Beetle and Root Aphid).
- High Endophyte – is a natural endophyte found in ryegrass in 1930s.can cause stagger in animals in February, March when grazed hard
- Nil or Low Endophyte – High animal performance but no insect protection. Best for cooler, moist regions.
- CM142 - new low-Toxin endophyte, designed to balance animal safety, insect protection and heat/drought tolerance
- NEA2 – Balanced performance,some pest protection, lower risk of staggers.
Choosing the Right Endophyte
The best option depends on your farm location, pest pressure, and stock type. Wesco Seeds can help you select the ideal ryegrass endophyte for long-lasting, productive pastures.
Talk to Wesco Seeds today about endophyte options for your pasture mixes – and make sure your seed works as hard as you do.
